Holocaust Prejudice, Hatred, and Discrimination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1667 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? I am so excited to share my personal perspective on a topic so closely held to my Jewish Heritage. Growing up as an observant Jew I was taught about so many historical events that go back thousands of years. Amongst them, the Holocaust resonates in my mind as an event that I feel as a Jew, I need to understand. I continue to go back to 1933 when the onset of the Holocaust in Europe began, and had continued through 1945, taking roughly 8.5 million lives, including roughly 6 million Jewish Lives. The holocaust is thought of only being a tragedy of where people were murdered in concentration camps but the holocaust has more to its story than that. It seems to me to truly understand what the conditions were during the horrific time you need to experience it first hand. That being said, I had traveled back in time to 1933 when I had the privilege of personally getting to know many faces and voices of the holocaust. To set the stage let me share some insight into the state of Chaos of the Holocaust through my readings of Ms. Sally Rogow, an esteemed Professor at the University of British Columbia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Holocaust: Prejudice, Hatred, and Discrimination" essay for you Create order According to Sally Rogow, author of Child Victims in Nazi Germany, In the beginning of the worst thing that many people experienced in their lifetime reality began to change before their eyes. The popular schools, hospitals and institutions were changed from a reputable place to a place of destruction and the unknown. During the first period of change children specifically were isolated for their differences whether they had disabilities, had emotional problems or were orphans and were forced into institutions. Children were given impassable tests in school and when they failed they were considered hopeless cases and were sent away like the other children. The parents who opposed the idea of their child being taken away were threatened to lose guardianship. Ms. Rogow emphasized the absurd conditions by not leaving out detail. Rogow mentions in her writing when Jewish caregivers were dismissed there was a budget decrease and overcrowding became a large issue, one physician could be responsible for 400 to 500 patients. Also, after the professional nurses were dismissed women Nazis with no experience in child care took their place and did as they were told. Next, children were constantly being moved from institution to institution without parental knowledge or consent. In my opinion, things became most inhumane during this fiasco when children were being used for medical experiments. Special needs children who had mental and physical disabilities were used as lab rats. They had blood and spinal floods drawn and replaced with air so they could take clear x-rays of their brains then theyd inject them with different substance to see the reaction. Later their organs were sold for research after they were killed. In addition, Hitler gave the ok ay for physicians to kill children so it became a game since they knew theyd get a bonus. After gas chambers were created 3000 to 4000 lives were saved when the physicians gave false reports about the patients by labeling them able to work the people that were labeled fit to work were hidden the days the busses were in transit. Postwar persons involved with killings resumed their jobs like nothing happened. The first person I met was six-year-old Thomas Buergenthal, he was forced to leave his home and adapt to his new environment Kielce, Poland widely known as a ghetto. Me: How were you able to survive the trauma and conditions, what happened to those less fortunate? Thomas: I had convinced the Nazis that I was able to work a variety of jobs. For those the less fortunate children were isolated from the rest of us for a period of time and then were taken away to a Jewish Cemetery and killed After I left Thomas in Poland I allowed myself time to reflect on his experience and balance my emotions. I had immediately begun further research as I continued my journey. I was very fortunate to meet with Ursula Rosenfeld, a thirteen-year-old Jewish Public School student. I had come to learn that Ursula had first hand knowledge and experiences of Kristallnacht. Me: Ursula what had happened to create such a level of dissent for Jews in the community, and how to it spread so rapidly? Ursula: Prior to the Holocaust various denominations of German students had attended public schools cohesively without any animosity. That was until the Nazis had infiltrated and influenced local politicians opinions of Jews. This had created considerable hatred, violence and separation of the classes (denominations). Shortly there after, the events have escalated to a period of absolute chaos and desperation. Simply put, those of us who were deemed intelligent and capable had managed to survive. Me: Can you share your experiences youve had with your peers since the turmoil began? Ursula: Yes, I was verbally assaulted by peers specifically based off of my religion. As fellow peers watched a local synagogue burn one made a comment saying, oh theres a Jew, lets throw her on fire as well My interview with Ursula had me thinking about how did the parents plan for the safety of their children during this time period. As the intensity of the war picked up many parents made the impulse decision to send their children away to ensure their safety. Two days before Britain entered WWII 10,000 children were moved out of Nazi invaded countries to Britain. Once the children reached their destination of London they were either placed in a sponsor home or at a vacation camp called Dovercourt Bay. Although being in an actual home seems more glamorous and reality friendly at times it could have been a toxic environment. Its been documented by survivors that sometimes relationships were never meshed together or the children were overworked. The next person Id like to introduce to you is a survivor who was hidden after her parents made the decision to send her away at nine months old, its a pleasure for me to share my interview I had with Aviva Sleslin. Me: Aviva can you please express the feeling you possess after youve realized you survived? Aviva: I believe we were lucky. Our childhoods were blessed with great rescuers who showed us in humanity theres still good when theres a lot of evil, and held courage for us during the unknown and great losses. I had paused from interviewing and resumed my research. I was sickened to learn that many families were forced to abandon their religious identity and blend with the rest of the community in order to escape the outcome of concentration camps. By 1939 many people were forced from their homes and moved to in ghettos. Ghettos were designated areas where Jewish people were forced to live. Conditions were terrible it was overcrowded, unsanitary, disease spread fast and many people faced starvation. Ghettos were controlled by most unmerciful private police force, originally formed as security for Hitler, the schutzstaffel. The identities of holocaust prisoners at Auschwitz that were capable to work were stripped away from them when their heads were shaved, they were given rubbish clothes and had a number tattooed on their arm to replace who they were entirely. In addition, they were overworked and starved to the point of where they resembled skeletons. Holocaust survivors saw the light at the end of the tunnel when American troops liberated the camps April 1945 and left by June 1945 American troops were astounded by the conditions the kids were in. The commander of the American troops sent a message to the childrens rescue group asking for help in evacuating the children As result of the trips being upset by the conditions of the children they tried to nourish them as fast and as much as possible. Although it was a nice gesture their bodies couldnt handle the rich foods and it caused them to be sick and caused some to die. Inevitably after being in the conditions they were in and experiencing scarring events children had a hard time adjusting back to normal life. They had a hard time disassociating adults as enemies and rarely spoke to outsiders. They wanted to get away from where they were. When they wrote about their experience they wrote about the emotions and actions of other peoples over theirs, and similarly all children wrote about lost loved ones. Once again resuming my interviews the next person I spoke to was Elizabeth Zadek who had a close relationship with children recovering from the holocaust at the Lingfield house located near London. Me: How would you describe the childrens mentality after they left the concentration camps? Elizabeth: The children appeared mature and from the bitter experience they lost trustfulness and faith of the child. While I learned a lot and enjoyed all of the interviews that I was fortunate enough to complete, my last interview will leave me with everlasting memories of the struggles during the Holocaust period. I had the rare opportunity to interview 15-year-old Anne Frank. Me: Would you mind sharing some background on your experience through the Holocaust? Anne: During the holocaust my family felt safe at first, we were tucked away in an annex behind my fathers business, it was only accessible through the inside. We often depended on outside sources for our information on the conditions of society, and I wrote all of my experiences down in my diary until Nazis took my family. Me: Where to you relocate to after leaving Germany? How old were you. Anne: My family relocated to Amsterdam when I was 4 years old because we thought since it wasnt taken over by Nazis we were safe. In my opinion, there will always be various levels of prejudice, hatred, and discrimination, its unfortunate how some sectors and cultures are wired. As I consider what Ive read and thought through my interviews I realized that we have to even more so prevent that catastrophic events from occurring again by never forgetting.

FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL

Essays on FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, MORAL HAZARD, ADVERSE SELECTIONS, Case Study FINANCIAL CRISIS, HOME MORTGAGES, CREDIT MARKETS, FINANCIAL S, MORAL HAZARD, and ADVERSE SELECTIONS. [Insert al Affiliation] Question 1 The 2007-08 financial crisis is largely attributed to financial innovations such as sub-prime mortgage and securitization, which were envisioned to better the financial market, but desolately became the forces that drove the financial market into an all-time dissipated crisis. Rather than being a sustaining innovation, securitization became a disruptive innovation. It is a financial engineering technique where financial enterprises pool assets, such as loans and mortgages, and merchandise the repackaged assets. A typical example of ABS (asset-backed security) is an MBS (mortgage-backed security) which is a prominent type of securitization and of particular importance due to its role in the 2007-08 financial crisis. Additionally, securitization allowed banks to have huge amounts of capital to give as loans to prospective homeowners through transformation of existing loan portfolios to cash (Manoj, 2010). Noteworthy, securitization is a precarious cause of financial flux. According to Shleifer and Vishny (2009), financial markets are swayed by investor sentiments. Through securitization, investor sentiments tainted the banking industry in early 2006, and domineered a cyclicality of returns and investments prompting banks to use all their capitals during boom. Banks extend themselves fully during boom to amass the available opportunities and make money (Bonner Wiggin, 2006). The commercial banks engage in money creation through giving loans and imposing interest on the loans. However, if they participate in financial markets using leverage and securitizing loans, financial instability and bank instability occurs and the two types of instability strengthen each other. In the mortgage market, as securitization gained supremacy, COD (Collateralized Debt Obligation) which enabled the manipulation of risks concomitant with mortgage emerged and ranked mortgages as a low risky investment (Co val, Jurek Sttafford, 2009). Apparently, securitization transferred ownership of mortgages from lenders who had information regarding their borrowers default probability to non-bank financial institutions and investment banks that were not conversant with borrowers, but rather used CDO computations to ascertain the probability of default. However, the calculation of CDO default probability disregarded the progression of the mortgage sector; the sub-prime mortgage innovation had prompted the mortgage sector to morph into a speculative bubble. Consequently, banks experienced losses related to mortgage defaults and delinquencies while they had little money left to finance mortgage loans. Hence, an innovation such as securitization should be carefully assessed before a bank decides to engage in it since it potentially reduces banks capital reserves and increases default risks due to declined underwriting standards. Question 2 In reference to the philosophy of laissez-faire capitalism, commercial institutions will circumvent risks since failure to be risk-averse will inherently lead to liquidation (Christensen, 1997; Greenspan, 2004). However, the Community Reinvestment Act, Long-Term Capital Management hedge fund salvage in 1998, and liberation of Continental Illinois created the notion that the American government could protect institutions that failed to apply due diligence. Consequently, morale hazard developed as big financial institutions believed that the government would not allow them to fail. They were convinced that their profits will be privatized while bankruptcies will be socialized, and many engaged in risky mortgage loan extensions as they were certain that the government will bear the innate risks. Likewise, during boom, people in the mortgage supply chain received enormous fees with those originating loans receiving fees for selling the loans notwithstanding the performance of the loans. Through financial innovations such as securitization, mortgage originators transferred credit risks and default risks to investors. This resulted to a morale hazard as the mortgage originators were left with nothing to worry about and lending to households proliferated at extraordinary rates. Equally, adverse selection contributed to the crisis. Financial institutions faced adverse selection problems when offering mortgages since they were forced to give mortgage loans to borrowers whose credit worthiness they could not ascertain during the underwriting process. Since finance syndicates were not exposed to the kind of regulatory oversight that banks were subjected to, incentive for responsibility plummeted, and borrowers sought more loans which they would default and lead the world into a financial crisis. Question 3 The subprime predicaments distinctive issues forced central banks all over the world and the U.S Federal Reserve to increase money supplies to circumvent the risk of a deflationary spiral where high unemployment and low wages leads to declining consumption. While the government intervention helped in resolving the crisis by increasing consumption, investment, and wealth, it is only a short-term measure and may lead to occurrence of an even worse crisis in future due to the kind of morale hazard it created (Bernanke, 2009). For instance, since the demand in private sector declined as a result of the crisis, the government resulted in enactment of huge fiscal inducement packages and borrowed funds that would help increase its expenditure and offset the reduction in demand and consumption. In US, this stimulus package had reached $1 trillion by 2009 (Glaeser Sinai, 2013). Whereas the U.S federal reserves extended liquidity was aimed at enabling the central bank to return to its traditi onal role of lender of last resort and mitigate stigma, banks are using this opportunity to expand their investments. Similarly, through currency creation, the government wanted to battle the liquidity trap and spur banks to refinance mortgages and offer domestic loans, banks have reinvested the funds in more profitable ventures as they strive to create wealth. The reduction of discount rate to 1.75% and federal funds rate to 1% in 2008 also added onto the risk of emersion of another crisis as more money will be available in the economy (Friedman, 2011; Phillips, 2008). What’s more, the National Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 which created $700 billion, a corpus to be used in purchasing distressed assets such as MBS puts the American and world economy into a more susceptible situation and might culminate in another crisis (In Alesina In Giavazzi, 2013). Question 4 Due to the need to stop the crisis and governments’ intoxication by power, governments resulted in borrowing, a factor that led to the ballooning of the national debt. A ballooning of the national debt has adverse effects in an economy (Conaghan et al., 2013). Government borrowing is in form of bonds which attract interest. The accrued interest is paid for many years from the limited government receipts, and may result in deficit budgets for many years to come (Krugman, 2009; Taylor, 2009). Consequently, the government will be forced to cut its spending so as to meet its obligations. Similarly, the interest is dead money which implies that taxpayers will have to carry a heftier burden for more years to come (Foster Magdoff,  2009). A huge national debt that results from increased borrowing upsurges demand for credit in the economy. Consequently, borrowing costs will escalate thus making it costly to finance investment in capital goods, stock and equipment. The capable effect of this is a reduced aptitude and capability of the private sector to create jobs and generate wealth required to drive an economy out of recession (Batten Szilagyi, 2011). In extreme situations, it might lead to collapse of the currency, as the country will be to print more money to repay the debt, and put the country into an even worse economic distress. Bibliography Batten,  J., Szilagyi,  P.  G. (2011). The impact of the global financial crisis on emerging financial markets. Bingley, U.K: Emerald. Bernanke, B. (2009), Financial innovation and consumer protection, Federal Reserve System’s sixth biennial community affairs research conference, Washington DC, 17 April. Bonner,  W., Wiggin,  A. (2006). Empire of debt: The rise of an epic financial crisis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Christensen, C. M. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Conaghan,  D., Smith,  D., Julian Flanders,  N. (2013). The book of money: Everything you need to know about how world finances work. London: Mitchell Beazley. Coval, J. Jurek, J., Sttafford, E. (2009), The economics of structured finance, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, pp. 8-25. Foster,  J.  B., Magdoff,  F. (2009). The great financial crisis: Causes and consequences. New York: Monthly Review Press. Friedman,  J. (2011). What caused the financial crisis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Glaeser,  E.  L., Sinai,  T.  M. (2013). Housing and the financial crisis. Greenspan, A. (2004), Risk and uncertainty in monetary policy, American Economic Review, 94, pp. 33-40. In Alesina,  A., In Giavazzi,  F. (2013). Fiscal policy after the financial crisis. Krugman, P. (2009), â€Å"Out of the Shadows,† The New York Times, 18 June, 2009. Manoj, S. (2010). The 2007-08 Financial Crisis In Review. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/financial-crisis-review.asp Phillips,  K. (2008). Bad money: Reckless finance, failed politics, and the global crisis of American capitalism. New York: Viking. Shleifer, A., Vishny, R. W. (2009), Unstable banking. NBER Working Paper Series, February. At http://www.nber.org/papers/w14943.html. Taylor, J.B. (2009), The financial crisis and the policy responses: an empirical analysis of what went wrong, NBER Working Paper Series, February. At http://www.nber.org/papers/w14631.html.

Comparing “Is Google Making Us Stupid” and “a Life of the Senses” Free Essays

Throughout the course of history, technology has changed us. It gave us a way to communicate in long distances. It gave us a way to produce goods faster and more efficiently. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† and â€Å"a Life of the Senses† or any similar topic only for you Order Now And it gave us the convenience to acquire knowledge with just one click of a button. However, there are bad effects as there are good. Nicolas Carr’s â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? † and Richard Louv’s â€Å"A Life of the Senses†, discusses the different effects of technology on people. Carr’s essay, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? discusses technology’s effect in our way of thinking, while Louv’s essay, â€Å"A Life of the Senses† discusses the change in our lifestyle and our senses. From the get go, Carr says that â€Å"†¦I’ve had an uncomfortable feeling that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neutral circuitry, reprogramming my memory† (1). Sure enough, it actually has been. Most of us probably have had this feeling; a feeling like something was off. It becomes more apparent when we try to read a long essay, or a novel. We sit around and read a few paragraphs or a few pages, but not for long we â€Å"†¦begin looking for something else to do† (1). We come to realize that we can’t concentrate, we feel impatient and we find ourselves staring at an LCD screen, or maybe an LED screen, doing what we usually do: nothing. When a question arises about that essay we were about to read, we push a few keys, click a few link and voila! Here is a whole page in which we will exercise more of our laziness. We then start to wonder what causes this. Surprisingly, one of our most important means of communication and source of information is causing this. The Net, is chipping away our capacity for concentration and contemplation (1). Louv refers to this in his essay as the â€Å"know-it-all state of mind† (667). We browse and browse and browse and we skim everything we see. We want to acquire information and we want it immediately. This want to acquire information as fast as we can load the page, becomes a habit and changes us into something like the very machine we use to get all of this information. We are turned into something like our favorite search engine. It can get you answers fast, but it doesn’t understand any of it. As Louv and Carr would say, we are skimming at the surface but we don’t penetrate vertically. (667, 1) It’s scary to know that the Net made us developed a habit that turns us into robots, but it’s much scarier when we find out that it’s actually changing the way we think. We seek maximum speed, maximum efficiency, and maximum output just like Taylor’s system mentioned in Carr’s essay. This system was created to boost production in factories, and is still used even now. It did us a lot of good economically, but without even noticing, this system has wormed its way to our brains and made it our philosophy, or, as Louv quoted from Daniel Yankelovich, our religion. This faith is taking over our minds. It’s making us stupid in terms of our depth of understanding, but it doesn’t end there. The Net or technology as a whole is changing the way we live. Long ago, before the inventions of portable gadgets, people used to look out the car window, people used to go out with friends and kids used to play outside and exercise their imaginations, but now technology has changed everything. Instead of looking out in the horizon people stare at their small radioactive devices, throwing birds that need counseling at pyramids of sticks and stones built by green mutated pigs. Instead, of going out with friends they try and fit all their thoughts and feeling into a box that can only contain one hundred forty letters. Instead of playing outside they stay inside watching television, tinkering with their gaming consoles, and or trying to win the title â€Å"heaviest kid on earth. † People are missing out on all of the good things the outside world can give us. Their missing out the kind of fun I felt when my siblings and I played â€Å"Whoever counts the most cow wins. † I miss those days, and sure enough we’re all going start looking for it. And when we do, businesses are going to be there to â€Å"provide† you with a quick and easy way to fulfill this need. Industries soon get profit from â€Å"concocted nature† even when we can get it for free. We fall for it anyways, because even if the â€Å"nature† we see is just a simulation our brain thinks that it’s fine. Synthetic or real, it doesn’t matter, and I suspect that the system embedded in our brains is the cause of this. When we start to feel that we want something, we automatically think that we want it now, and the closest thing that can give fulfill this need is our computer, or, if were up to it, the mall. It’s just a much faster and more efficient way to fulfill the current task. On the other hand, when we start looking at artificial nature we start to lose our appreciation and understanding for actual nature. For example, before all of the images of the Grand Canyon people used to at it in awe. They would explore it, admire it and speculate how all of it came about, but now, we take a picture, post it in a social media site, caption it with half-hearted praises and since there’s nothing more to see or say we turn around and drive away. We saw it and now it’s time to leave, just like another webpage. The system digs even deeper. To obtain something, you must first lose something. In this case, to obtain information faster we must lose our traditional way of learning by experience. As Louv quotes Edward Reed, â€Å"We are beginning ‘to lose the ability to experience our world directly. What we have come to mean by the term experience is impoverished; what we have of experience in daily life is impoverished as well’† (670). We rely so much on the information we know from the Net that we think we can do anything, well, as long as we can search the instructions online, or we can watch how to, via online streaming. We become uninterested in actually doing something, since we already â€Å"know† how to. We are left in the dark on how something actually works, because we don’t really need more than knowing how to turn something on. As a result, the most important means of gathering information is now missing. However, just like Carr and Louv I think that some of us are focusing on the negatives too much. We have exponentially advanced in terms of production, distribution, processing information and a lot more. My grandmother survived cancer because of technology, and God, knows that the internet has helped me many times in homework’s and projects. It’s the primary tool for students after all, well that and the library. Nevertheless, it’s definitely not all bad. There may be some possibilities that we are turning into robots, but there may also be more chances that we’re just changing into something better. One can develop a machine to process information and someday it may be able to fully understand it, but people are not machines. We can process information and we can understand them; it’s just that we developed a certain affinity of getting what we need first rather than understanding. I think of it a testing period for a prototype of the perfect machine, but this time it’s a prototype of a perfect way of thinking. We may find a way to get something fast and fully understand it in the future, but for now we are evolving. If you still think that we are turning into nothing more than computer, always remember that computers can never feel, and no matter what we humans do, we will always feel. How to cite Comparing â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† and â€Å"a Life of the Senses†, Essays

For Their Rights As Citizens Essay Research free essay sample

For Their Rights As Citizens Essay, Research Paper For Their Rights as Citizens During the Civil War, about 200,000 African Americans fought aboard white people. What did these African Americans battle for? Some fought for the freedom of others of their sort. While others fought for equality in the eyes of white people. Even some fought for retaliation against the Southern manner of life. But what I believe that they fought for was their rights as citizens. They wanted to be treated as Citizens of the United States of America, and have all of the privileges endowed to citizens. ? If we fight to keep a Republican Government, we want Republican privileges # 8230 ; ..all we ask is the proper enjoyment of the rights of citizenship, ? p205. This Tells me that the African Americans were believing of their rights of citizenship before the war had concluded. To them, being a citizen of the United States meant that they could make what of all time they wanted to make. We will write a custom essay sample on For Their Rights As Citizens Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They could prosecute dreams they had to travel visit everyplace and anyplace in this state freely. Cipher would be keeping them down or selling off their kids any longer. They would no longer be zombis, they would hold a say in what they wanted to carry through in life, from banking to farming, to being land proprietors themselves. The African Americans besides wanted to show that they were willing to contend for their rights. Sergeant Charles Singer wrote, ? show the whole universe that we are willing to contend for our rights # 8230 ; ? p.215. This shows that they wanted to turn out that they were willing to decease for those rights allotted to citizens. ? Let us by a common cause now made sanctum by our blood, raise ourselves from the quag, ? p.216. To me this shows the willingness of the African Americans to fall in together battle for a cause, and non fear decease. Because in the terminal, they would gain citizenship and all of its benefits. This is a good ground to contend, gain freedom from subjugation, and be given the rights allotted to all citizens. Some contending under the streamer of citizenship and its rights, believed that they disserved the same rights as the white people. ? # 8230 ; I am non willing to contend for anything less that the white adult male battles for # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .Give me my rights, the rights that this Government owes me, the same rights that the white adult male has, ? p.208. This tells me that the African Americans wanted no less than what the white people already had. And that is non a bad thing. Everyone diss erves to be treated every bit, where does it state the black adult male is a lesser being than a white adult male. It says that nowhere, throughout clip oppressed people have earned their freedom from the oppressors. For illustration expression at ancient Egypt, what happened to those slaves, they were freed, the Roman Empire which thrived for so long collapsed, lived off of bondage. Time has proven that societies that live off of bondage prostration after clip. A batch of African Americans wanted a say in the Government, and who was elected into office. This meant the right to vote, which is the right held by all Americans now. Back so merely male landholders could vote. The African American adult male wanted that changed, ? he wanted the right to vote and be voted for. ? p.208 This quotation mark is stating that the African American non merely wanted the right to vote, but to run for a authorities place. ? We ask to be made equal before the jurisprudence ; allow us this and we ask no more, ? p.225. The manner I interpreted this is that the African Americans wanted all of the same rights granted to the white people. I don? T fault them for desiring that, after being drug off from their places, forced to work to decease, they disserved no less from people. The? Afro-american soldiers fought for full citizenship in the United States, ? p.206. In 1857 the Supreme Court had regulations that African Americans were non citizens. So there were limitations on free inkinesss before the war. They could non travel to another province, or serve on juries and attest in tribunal, and non go to public schools. The African American was contending for these privileges, rights, bestowed on any white individual of the clip. They were contending for the right to vote, lend revenue enhancements, be voted for, and particularly freedom to prosecute their ain felicity. During the disruptive epoch of the Civil War, African Americans had a batch to lose if the North lost the war. For illustration they would lose their rights as people, and be treated as zombis in Fieldss. This is the ground the black adult male fought, he fought to be recognized as a individual, non as belongings. With the acknowledgment as a individual, he would derive rights, these rights meant he was a citizen with duty towards their state. With these rights he could do this state a better topographic point to populate for all races. In the terminal, ? they were contending for their rights as Americans, ? p205. Bibliography A Grand Army of Black Men, Edwin S. Redkey, Cambridge University Press, 1992

The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essay As a societal worker, holding an consciousness of how my doctrine may act upon my decision-making in a professional scene is of import for future pattern. In order to give my clients the most good advise. I must be cognizant of my duties in following the value patterns of societal work. Know my place in the assisting sphere Harmonizing to the Association of Australian Social Workers, societal work pattern should take to assist persons accomplish success in both personal and societal enterprises in order to promote well-being of the person ( aasw 2002, p 5 ) . My self-evaluation will analyze how personal doctrine regards or contradicts the value set out in societal work pattern. I will research my values in relation to single relationships and speak about my hopes for the hereafter of the universe I shall besides research the beginnings of my doctrines, the pillars that sustain them and the events in my life that have shaped my beliefs. I will so analyze the stairss I would take to fo restall struggles of involvement between my client and me Personal life Doctrine We will write a custom essay sample on The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Human existences irrespective of gender, race, or position govern their lives harmonizing to a series of regulations that show the manner to act among household, friends, and the wider community. These are called values and are signals that give way about right and incorrect ( Dolgoff et al, 2009, p20, Beckett A ; Maynard, 2005, p5 ) . Valuess stem from a assortment of countries, as kids we are raised in communities that influence our behavior Beckett and Maynard ( 2005 ) refer to these as value systems. The ideals we take from our societies can be inactive and others can alter overtime. ( Beckett A ; Maynard, 2005 ) Culture has a major impact on our value systems ; it influences our professional lives, every bit good as our private lives. ( Otima Doyle, Shari E. Miller, F. Y. Mirza, 2007 ) . I besides govern my actions harmonizing to values learned as a kid and my doctrine has been shaped by a cross-cultural upbringing, I was raised in Papua New Guinea where I received a western i nstruction that encouraged individuality and in Uganda, I received a Catholic instruction where I learned the values of community. I experienced the broad life style in university. These diverse environments have contributed to how I view the universe today. I value people above all other existences because of the manner I was raised in Uganda with household members that supported each other economically I did non see great adversity. However I knew that my parents did. This consciousness taught me to esteem difficult work and value unity, because my parents despite their battles resisted the force per unit areas of the authorities to give personal unity for wealth. I value honestness and for me that includes being unfastened about my abilities to take instances that may do me great hurt and I consider credibleness in affairs refering to worker client confidentiality valuable Compassion and charity are besides of import to me because I believe that in order to be an effectual assist ant, a charitable nature goes along manner towards understanding the demands of a client. I am cognizant nevertheless that emotional distance must be exercised. I need to be careful non become emotionally attached to the client In order to forestall my enforcing my values upon my client. I believe in being committed to all my relationships, and experience that in order to accomplish success in either my personal or professional life I must be faithful in maintaining private inside informations in assurance. Finally I believe that in order for a relationship to turn at that place needs to be credence for differences in all facets of life, from how person behaves, to the sentiments they hold. Therefore if I choose to interact with people on a regular basis I should be able to accept them wholly. I may non wish their actions but I should admit that my clients come from different backgrounds and as a societal worker my responsibility lies in non judging them, but instead I am at that place to assist them work through their jobs. Hope for the hereafter and the universe The hereafter is genuinely an unknown that holds a batch of uncertainness for me ; at present I can non clearly image what my hopes and dreams are. However there are some things I would wish to see alteration in the following 10 old ages: The first country of concern for me is the clime alteration argument, alternatively of the changeless rhetoric from the major universe leaders like the United States, Russia, Great Britain, and China. I would wish to see concrete stairss being taken to cut down nursery gas emanation coming from industries around the universe. Second I wish that in the following few old ages the millenary development ends ( MDGs ) are achieved before the dead line in 2015 so far really limited success has been reported harmonizing to the United Nations MDGS study of 2009 advancement has been noted in merely four ends of the 10 end plan. The study outlines the advancement made in cut downing infant deceases, from its 1990 figure of 12.6million to 9 million in 2007 ; t he study besides cites advancement in the countries of instruction, poorness and decrease of pollutants. They nevertheless admit that more advancement is needed in order to run into the 2015 deadline. Finally I hope that more pharmaceutical companies will fall in the planetary enterprise to happen inexpensive alternate solutions to the medical demands of the universe. I hope the companies like Glaxo smith Kline and its many challengers dispense with the demand to do money and see salvaging lives as their precedence Beginnings of values and support My doctrine comes from many experiences. As a kid I grew up with cataracts that affected my vision. The status over the class of my instruction has caused me great defeat. However, the love and strength of my female parent ensured that I had the best possible start. She taught me neer to give up ; the support of my pedagogues besides showed me that despite the presence of obstructions, if I worked difficult I would accomplish my ends. The challenges due to my ocular hindrance have taught me to be compassionate towards all people who have challenges in their ain lives, I have experienced the adversity of seeking to populate and work with people who have few physical restrictions. Reading is a accomplishment that I love but at times I dislike it because the founts used in books are frequently excessively little and do me to be slower these apparently minor concerns cause me some defeat. I nevertheless find great inspiration from work forces like the Australian Born Nick Vujicic who was born with no limbs and with merely a bantam pes lives life to the full. With a dual grade in accounting and fiscal planning He speaks with strength about his journey I found the intent of my being, and besides the intent of my circumstance. ( Nick Vujicic 2010 ) . His ability to win in the manner he has despite his obvious challenges, amazes and humbles me into the realization that I can accomplish any end if I truly want it. My life doctrines are sustained by my belief in God to whom I turn to for counsel ; counsel I find in the Hagiographas of the Old and New Testament of the Bible. In the Old Testament Hagiographas, particularly in the book of Deuteronomy, I find the moral values by which I govern my life. Put out in The Ten Commandments ( NIV Bible, Duet ; 5:1-32 ) that guide me on how to populate my life in conformity to Gods wants. Other values that have contributed to who I am come from other books I have read. Books by Charles Dickens such as Oliver Twist and Hard Times have painted rough images of poorness in industrial England during the 19th and early twentieth century these narratives sparked an involvement in perusing solutions to human agony. Before coming to Australia I had completed a grade in International dealingss with the hope of taking my state towards happening solutions to our domestic jobs in the International arena these aspirations nevertheless have non been achieved so far Personal values in relation to Social work After reading the Australian association of societal workers codifications of moralss I have found analogues to my ain doctrine of life. The association has five nucleus values that provide societal work professionals with guidelines that inform their pattern. These values are: Human self-respect and worth Social justness Service to humanity Integrity Competence ( AASW, 2002, 1999, p 8 ) At this phase in my unrecorded I can appreciate and accept that these values are indispensable for every twenty-four hours life. However, I must show some reserves in stating that I would adhere to these values wholly. The major job that I can anticipate is that I am an person with assorted ideals in some state of affairss for case where the inquiry of life is posed I am reasonably assorted I do non believe in the decease punishment, yet I can non to the full differ about the abortion inquiries. I can mention a specific clip in my life when I was 22 and a friend told me she was dating a married adult male and had become pregnant. She wanted to hold an abortion and I tried to speak her out degree Fahrenheit it nevertheless she went in front and had the abortion, my first inherent aptitude when I got the intelligence was to be critical of her and I see now that my antipathy sing unfaithfulness and abortion prevented me from being more considerate, as a societal worker I must larn to st amp down my ain positions in order to be more receptive to my clients In state of affairss where my values may conflict with those of a client Ralph Dolgoff etal says clangs occur in many client worker kineticss ( Dolgoff etal 2009, p112 ) chiefly because societal workers tend to give greater value to societal harmoniousness, equality, free pick and societal justness. These values differ from civilization to civilization and may alter over clip. An illustration is the inquiry of a adult female s right to take between an abortion and non holding one in the early twentieth century adult females in Europe and North America could non acquire safe entree to abortion services and as a consequence many died in back back street clinics in the effort. However as Torahs around the universe have changed so have values and in many societies holding an abortion is now merely another option to a adult female who may hold no pick but to seek such services. These differences harmonizing to Dolgoff etal may do jobs for the societal worker and the client In the initial phases of therapy, nevertheless in order to guarantee that my point of position does non conflict with my clients values, Dolgoff suggests that societal workers need to peruse cognition relevant to the cultural demands of clients, this information can be compiled through interviews of clients ( Dolgoff etal 2009 ) . As societal workers we need to be knowing about the assorted issues refering to cultural or spiritual beliefs ( Dolgoff, etal, 2009, 113 ) .Although I may necessitate to hold a better apprehension of where my client place on certain values comes from, it is critical that I maintain a clear impartial modesty Dolgoff emphasises the dangers built-in in placing excessively closely with the clients he points out that prejudice will most likely consequence and impact the success of an intercession. However holding a similar background to my client can enable a better resonance to develop between my client and myself. Further spreads that may originate and do me jobs as a societal worker trade with the affair of power ; in the societal work profession I have assumed power over the client. And because of this false power, the client is likely to experience unequal to me by virtuousness of my cognition, and the client s place of service user. This power moral force can be damaging to the success of a societal worker in seeking to garner helpful penetration into a clients job, if non channelled right In the text Ethical determinations for societal work pattern Ralph Dolgoff etal suggest a figure of ways in which I can guarantee that my client feels comfy plenty to allow travel of the fright that may halter the assisting exercising. They suggest that as a societal worker I need to happen out what the clients values are and decide whether struggle of involvements exists, and if there is struggle I must next attack the client in a manner that does non advert the value in order to understand the nature o f my client s job. In order to keep a professional criterion I must retrieve the grounds I chose to fall in the assisting profession, harmonizing Lesley Chenoweth and Donna McAuliffe ( 2005, p 6 ) the grounds some people enter the societal work profession root from experiences had ether in child goon or early maturity. These experiences can sometimes supply a individual with a passion to fall in the societal work field because they were helped by a societal worker and wanted to animate others, as they were inspired. For some the experience with societal services could hold been negative and fostered a desire to convey alteration to the profession. No affair how we joined the profession it is of import that we do non lose sight of the grounds why we chose societal work these grounds will prolong me and maintain me motivated to go on to work with clients even those who are hard and difficult to assist. Admiting personal prejudice before manus can frequently cut down the opportunities of holding value struggles with clients. Chenoweth and McAuliffe regard this as effectual usage of ego By allowing my supervisors know where I stand on certain issue can guarantee that I am less likely to be assigned a instance that I can non properly trade with. Keeping a value impersonal stance is another manner to avoid making value struggles ( Weick as cited by Dolgoff etal ) suggests that in order to decently understand the client the societal worker demands to listen carefully to what the client truly wants and should suspend all opinion, values, and personal rules in order to supply effectual aid to the client ( Dolgoff, 2009, P, 114 ) . In order for my future societal work pattern to be consequence I must cultivate and continually beef up my cognition base and seek webs to maintain me motivated. Self-awareness is cardinal to understanding my function, as a professional assistant, and critical contemplations about my ego in relation to my values is valuable. As the American writer Daniel Coleman said, If your emotional abilities are nt in manus, if you do nt hold self-awareness, if you are non able to pull off your straitening emotions, if you ca nt hold empathy and have effectual relationships, so no affair how smart you are, you are non traveling to acquire really far. ( Coleman, 2010 ) .

Free Essays on Gorillas In The Mist

I thought the movie â€Å"Gorillas In The Mist† was an excellent movie. It was interesting and informative. Diane Fossy was an excellent person as you could see in this film. She cared for those gorillas like they were her own. It was so interesting to see someone give up everything for a gorilla. Never the less knowing what she lost taking this chance to go to Africa, I never knew what poaching meant or even heard of the word until I saw this movie. I don’t know if I would have the courage Diane had in doing this expedition. I would love to go to Africa and study the Mountain Gorillas, but not exactly how she went about it. When the movie first started off I thought it was going to be boring and stupid. Then Diane started coming in contact with the gorillas I thought it was amazing. Let’s talk about the poaching because I have a lot to say about it. What those people did to the gorillas was so terrible I wanted to get in the TV and hurt them myself. The poachers killed so many gorillas and for what? Just to send the baby gorillas to the zoo and make some money. How would the poachers like it if someone poached them and took there babies and sold them for money? I don’t think they would be very happy it. Towards the end of the movie when the poachers did there last poaching scene, I thought it was the worst part. I can’t believe they took the gorillas head (I don’t think I cried so much during a movie than this part).... Free Essays on Gorillas In The Mist Free Essays on Gorillas In The Mist I thought the movie â€Å"Gorillas In The Mist† was an excellent movie. It was interesting and informative. Diane Fossy was an excellent person as you could see in this film. She cared for those gorillas like they were her own. It was so interesting to see someone give up everything for a gorilla. Never the less knowing what she lost taking this chance to go to Africa, I never knew what poaching meant or even heard of the word until I saw this movie. I don’t know if I would have the courage Diane had in doing this expedition. I would love to go to Africa and study the Mountain Gorillas, but not exactly how she went about it. When the movie first started off I thought it was going to be boring and stupid. Then Diane started coming in contact with the gorillas I thought it was amazing. Let’s talk about the poaching because I have a lot to say about it. What those people did to the gorillas was so terrible I wanted to get in the TV and hurt them myself. The poachers killed so many gorillas and for what? Just to send the baby gorillas to the zoo and make some money. How would the poachers like it if someone poached them and took there babies and sold them for money? I don’t think they would be very happy it. Towards the end of the movie when the poachers did there last poaching scene, I thought it was the worst part. I can’t believe they took the gorillas head (I don’t think I cried so much during a movie than this part)....

Philosophy - Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy - Plato - Essay Example Its democracy was on its knees. There was rampant political selfishness in the great City and this greatly angered Plato. He saw justice as the only true remedy to all of the city’s and the entire country’s problems Self satisfaction was rampant owing to the popularity of the Sophistic teachings that dwelled on self satisfaction that turned the society into largely individualistic people. Most people were running for public offices to achieve their own selfish gains and this eventually divided the city into two groups of the haves and the have nots. The culture of individualism became his main target for attacks in his works.Cephalus established the traditional theory of justice. He viewed justice as speaking the truth and paying one’s debt. He viewed justice as identifying with the right conduct. According to Polemarchus, justice consists in giving what is proper to him. He viewed it simply as doing good to friends and harm to enemies. These two views were criticized to great lengths by Plato. He criticized Cephalus’ theory with the view that there may be cases in which his preferred formula may violate the spirit of right; hence it cannot be taken as a sound universal life principal. He poked holes in Polemarchus’ theory by asking hoe this could be applied in a case whereby the friend is only a friend in seeming but in reality was an enemy. He wondered what would happen in this scenario. He concluded that if justice is determined by the relations between two individuals it promoted individualistic principles and ignores the rest of the society. In the allegory of the cave, Plato proposes a group of prisoners that have been bound in the cave all their lives only being able to see the cave walls. The only light is from a fire at the top of the cave. A path runs above and behind them separating them from the fire. People passing by the path have their shadows cast onto the wall viewed by the

Health Needs of Women in the United States Essay

Health Needs of Women in the United States - Essay Example Background information into the study suggests that poor oral health affects a woman’s health as well as health of the woman’s child. Focusing on factors to oral health among United States’ women of childbearing age, the study used a survey design to collect and analyze secondary data on factors to dental insurance and dental care. Results from a sample of 1071 women revealed that a significant percentage of the women, 40 percent, lack dental insurance cover. Major factors to lack of dental cover were low-level education, low income, and poor dental health. The women without dental cover were also less likely to seek dental care than those with cover. These mean that nurses who deal with population segment that is vulnerable to poor dental health should create awareness among the women on oral health and the need to dental insurance cover. The population segment consists of women with lower level education and low-income women. Policies such as mandatory or subsi dized dental insurance cover should also be put in place to promote dental health among the vunerable women (Kaylor, et. al.,

Conducting A Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Conducting A Strategic Management - Essay Example These entrepreneurs are very crucial factors for economic growth and development as they lead the entire society to the future growth and prospects. Every successful entrepreneur is having some distinct features but there are certain common qualities that must be present in each entrepreneur. Many scholars and researchers have studied the nature and traits of entrepreneurs and they have identified a number of such skills. However, some of the essential traits are leadership, initiatives, planner, risk bearer, opportunity explorer, creative, specific & clear goals etc (Kumar, 2008, p.38-39). There are a number of role models of an ideal entrepreneurs can be found from the past and present evidences. Some of the very popular and successful entrepreneurs are like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, Walt Disney, Rupert Murdoch etc and many more. These people have set examples before emerging entrepreneurs and they are also great source of motivation for the society. Some of the comm on qualities in these entrepreneurs are that; they are good planners, they innovative and creative; and they have brought multiple social benefits through their innovation. In the process of starting a new venture, planning is the second most important task after generating a viable and feasible business idea. Success rate of new start-up venture is quite low. The following data shows the survival rate of new venture within one year. Figure 1: One Year Survival Rates by Firm Size (Source: Timmons and Spinelli, 2009, p.86) Considering the above table, a new business is always exposed to multiple risks, and as due to its vulnerable nature it becomes very difficult to cope with the existing competitive business environment. Therefore, before establishing a new venture, it necessary to develop a realistic and effective business plans. A business plan includes a detailed projection of the business consisting of marketing plan, operational plan, human resource plan and financial plan etc. For enhancing the probability of the success rate all these planning must be logical and feasible. In this process, it becomes very necessary to conduct the preliminary research tasks to explore the opportunities and identify expected threats. Moreover, business plan is also required for many purposes. Firstly, a new business venture requires a significant amount of capital and its major sources are prospective investors and creditor s. A comprehensive and effective business plan also includes the financial projection like future income and financial growth etc and it helps to attract investors and creditors. Secondly, it also helps in acquiring legal licenses as it described the nature of business and its environmental impact. Thirdly, a detailed business plan is required for risk management (Covello and Hazelgren, 2006, p.21-24). Before preparing a business plan it is necessary to analyse the market and economic condition based to the business idea. This paper will attempt to present market research for starting the new venture and will also present financial

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay As a result of the 2011 riots seen in the United Kingdom, Louise Casey (2012) was commissioned by the coalition government to write a report entitled Listening to Troubled Families. This essay will critique the report and consider if government austerity measures could impact in social care provision and outcomes for service users. It will discuss the narrative of one family identified in the report whom require intervention and support in order to safeguard their children (Casey 2012). It will give an outline of the development and impact of legislation and policy guidance on social work practice for children, families and carers. Furthermore it will consider academic research and theories that inform social work practice when working with such families; for instance; ecological theories, assessment, life span models of development, professional power and attachment theory. This essay will also discuss the skills necessary for contemporary social work practitioners to engage effecti vely with children and families. It will argue that inter-professional, anti-oppressive, multi-professional and reflective practice is paramount to successful outcomes for families who require support from services. The term troubled families was first used by David Cameron (Cameron, 2011), and later defined by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) as households having serious problems and chaotic personal histories. Cameron (2012) intends to ensure those identified in the report as troubled 120,000 families, turn their lives around. These families are characterised as; having no adult in employment, children who do not attend school and family members partaking in anti-social behaviour and criminal activities. By reducing costs and improving outcomes, the results based funding scheme aims to change service delivery for families (Cameron, 2011). Welshman (2012), states that this policy agenda is the latest reconstruction of the underclass debate. Giddens (1973, cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2002) claims that Britain has an underclass of people who are disadvantaged on the labour market because they lack qualifications and skills, and may face discrimination, prejudice and marginalisation in society. The New Labour Government (1997-2010) linked disorderly behaviour to problem families and focussed on individual deficiencies rather than an acknowledgment of structural constraints, for instance; the effects of poverty on family relationships and parenting (Hill and Wright, 2003; Gillies, 2005, in Parr, 2009). New Labour implemented Family Intervention Projects (FIP) that were framed from the Respect Action Plan in 2006. This was criticized by a parental and family support organisation Parentline Plus (2006), as threats of punishments to parents would impact negatively on families, and parents could be less willing to seek support before they reached crisis (BBC News, 2006). Initiatives like Signpost, provided intensive levels of support and understanding of multidimensional complexities, comprising of effective intervention for children and families within their communities (Dillane et al 2001, cited in Parr, 2009 ). Featherstone (2006) maintains this initiative was within the context of the social investment state, encouraging investment in human capital as opposed to direct economic provision provided by the state in the form of welfare payments. Postle, (2002 cited in Parr, 2009) argues that Signpost intervention was social work at its best allowing social workers time for effective co mmunication and partnership working rather than the policing of families. Levitas (2012) argued against research methodology used in the Casey Report (2012) and of the idea of multi-disadvantaged families being the source of societys ills. Levitas (2012) claims; that the figure of 120,000 was founded on data from a secondary analysis of a Children and Families Report (2004). Literature suggests the figure of 120,000 families is underestimated, the number of multi-disadvantaged families is significantly greater (Levitas, 2012; Hern, 2012). The initial 2004 study found no evidence to indicate that the families were trouble makers as proposed but did find that they were families in trouble. As a result of changes in taxation, welfare benefits, spending cuts and the continuing effects of the economic downturn (Levitas, 2012). Welshman (2012) advocates that history provides important lessons for policymakers and addressing both structural and behavioural causes of poverty is likely to be more effective than counting and defining such families. He believes there is little knowledge regarding reasons for behaviours and calls for research for combating problems that these families encounter. Casey (2012) has given an insight by using service users narratives and received positive responses from interviewees. However, her research does have further limitations; a small sample of sixteen families, all of whom were at crisis point when they accepted working with the FIP (Casey 2012). Soloman (2012) claims that vast number of vulnerable families are being left without any support. Casey (2012) made no reference to ethnicity and culture of the families, therefore giving no insight into diversity (Clifford and Burke, 2009). Bailey (2012) believes that the report breaches ethical standards for social research, the f amilies interviewed are participants in the FIP and therefore had a power of sanction over them, therefore it may have been difficult for the families to decline from the study. No written information on the risks of participation was provided; he also suggests that ethical approval was not applied for. Bailey, (2012) believes that there is a risk of identifying these families. Casey (2012) acknowledged that the information was not representative of 120,000 families but claims that it provides a sound basis for policy. Nevertheless, Bailey (2012) argues that there is no place for unethical research in public policy making. Comparative studies were not conducted on families with similar economic and social circumstances who are not described as troubled. Casey (2012) discussed intergenerational cycles of abuse, violence, alcohol and drug misuse as well as worklessness being reasons for troubled families placing the oneness on individuals (Levitas, 2012). Kelly (2012) welcomes the Governments commitment to aid families. He proposes that most parents on low incomes are good parents and believes that it is naive to conflate illness, inadequate housing and poverty with substance misuse and crime. Kelly (2012) also argues that many families involved with Family Action are socially isolated, invisible to support services who struggle on low incomes rather than displaying anti-social behaviours. The case studies gave the parents perspective, however, the voice and opinion of the child was unheard. Ofsted (2010) found practitioners concentrated too much on the needs of the parents and overlooked the implication s for the child. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 12 declares, the views of the child must be respected, Article 3 states that the childs best interests must be a primary concern (Unicef, 1992). This essay will now discuss social work practice in relation to one of the families identified in Louise Caseys Report (2012) Chris and Julie (appendix 1). In the past, adults like Chris and Julie who had learning disabilities may have been prevented from becoming parents, eugenic theories dominated, with the aim to ensure children with similar disabilities were not procreated (Cleaver and Nicholson 2007). However, in recent years attitudes are changing in favour of people with learning disabilities giving them the same rights as other citizens regarding sexuality and family life. An increased number of people with learning difficulties now have wider opportunities for independent living. According to Haavik and Menninger (1981 cited in Booth and Booth, 1993, p 203) deinstitutionalization enabled many people with learning disabilities to participate in their community. Duffy (2006, cited in Thompson et al 2008), states that self-determination is a core principle in attaining citizens hip in western society. The shift in opinions and principles is evident in government legislation and guidance thus impacting on social work practice, for instance; Valuing People: a new strategy for learning disability for the 21st century (2001), (DoH 2001) and Valuing People Now: The Delivery Plan (20102011) Making it happen for everyone gives guidance for all professionals supporting people with learning disabilities living in the community (DoH 2011). In relation to the case scenario, Article 8 of The Human Rights Act 1998 (.1) provides Chris and Julie with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a right to respect for private and family life, his home and correspondence; however, any interference with this right must be necessary and lawful with regard to public safety, national security, prevention of public disorders and crime, or for the protection of rights and freedoms of others. Both Julie and Chris have a protected characteristic of disability and therefore under the Equality Act (2010) should be protected from direct and indirect discrimination from service providers. However, childrens rights are paramount and override those of their parents or carers (DoH, 1998). Access to learning disability services in England was governed by Fair Access to Care Services (FACS) (DoH, 2003), until it was superseded by Putting People First (2007) and highlighted the need for a personalised Adult Social Care System (DoH, 2007). Emerson et al (2005) found one in fifteen adults with learning disabilities living in England were parents and this research emphasised that approximately half of children born to parents with learning disabilities are at risk from abuse and twenty five per cent no longer lived with their parents (McGaw,2000). Further research indicates that the majority of services are as yet inadequate in meeting the needs of families with learning disabilities (McGaw 2000). McInnis et al (2011) similarly found complexities in determining eligibility for service users. They indicated that decisions regarding eligibility are not only determined by assessment results but by local government resources. They advocate equality and argue that changes in assessment tools are necessary when working with families with learning difficulties. Chris and Julie reflect these findings as they only received intervention when they faced difficulties caring for their children. The parental skills model would be advantageous for practitioners as it is designed to assist the assessment process when working with Chris and Julie. The model focuses on life skills, familial history and access to support services. McGaw and Sturmey (1994) found that if difficulties arise for parents in any of the three areas it Service users maybe uncooperative and reluctant to engage with services, perhaps due to anxieties and fear of consequences. For example; their children being removed from their care and their own childhood experiences. Cultural awareness and age appropriate interventions are necessary to enable partnership working (Egan, 2007 cited in Martin, 2010). Horwath (2011) found that although some social workers faced barriers to the Child-focused Assessment Framework, due to heavy workloads, time restrictions, performance targets and limited training opportunities. Others found that additional bureaucracy gave them a security in their practice. Smale, et al. (1993 ) highlighted the following models of assessment; questioning, procedural, and exchange model. The latter may be beneficial when working in partnership with this family as the service users are viewed as experts and aids their potential for working together towards goals. When working with families communication can be complex; effective communication would include active listening skills, person centred planning and intervention, also avoiding the use of professional jargon (Anning et al, 2006). The worker should be aware of non-verbal communication and power imbalances in their working relationship (DoH, DfES, 2007). It may be advisable for this family to access advocacy services to promote equality, social inclusion and social justice (actionforadvocacy.org.uk, 2012). According to Yuill and Gibson (2011), advocacy promotes anti-oppressive practice. Horwath (2010) suggests positive relationships are built on trust. This echoes the person centred principles of Rogers (1961, cited in Thompson et al, 2008) enabling the practitioner to observe realistic emotional, somatic and behavioural responses from the child and family, that are essential for effective information gathering for assessments (DoH 2006). Martin (2010) argues in order to ensure an understanding of the service user narrative within a multi-professional context the practitioner should reflect and summarise and make accurate recordings. Information should be stored in accordance to the Data Protection Act, 1989 (legislation.gov.uk) and also be shared effectively between multi-agencies and safeguarding departments (Laming, 2003). Numerous children have died from abuse and neglect in the United Kingdom (Brandon et al, 2005). In 2000, Victoria Climbie was subjected to cruelty by her aunt and her partner which resulted in her loss of life. Laming (2003) describes Victorias death as a gross failure of the system and inexcusable and recommended reforms (1.18 p.3). In England, the government published the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al 2000) and additional policy guidance came about in Every Child Matters: Change for Children (2003) that made all professionals accountable for safeguarding, child development, focusing on early intervention, joint sense of responsibility and information sharing with integrated front line services and an emphasis on children fulfilling their potential (dcsf.gov.uk 2012). The following year the Children Act (2004) Section 11 (DfES, 2005) gave clear guidance on multi-agency working and states that safeguarding children is everyones busines s. The Children Act 1989 (DoH,1989) and the Children Act 2004 (DoH,2004a) currently underpin child welfare practice in England. The former Act considers the concept of a child in need (section 17) and accentuates the importance family support services who both promote the childs welfare and help safeguard and assist parents in their role. In addition Working Together to Safeguard Children (2010) gives extensive guidance on collaborative working and defines roles and responsibilities of professionals (HM. Government 2010). This guidance is presently being revised and reduced to alleviate bureaucracy for professionals, however Mansuri (2012, cited in McGregor 2012) argues that the real safeguarding concerns are unmanageable caseloads, plummeting moral and cuts to support staff and criticises the government for failing to consult more practitioners regarding these changes. An example for effective working together that may benefit the family in the case scenario is Team around the Family (TAF) intervention. This encourages effective, early identification of additional need, it assesses strengths and is restorative in approach that provides the family opportunities for change and enhances multi-agency collaboration (cheshirewestandchester,2012). Family mentoring services may also be useful in this case (catch-22.2012). Childrens Services in England and Wales adhere to The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al 2000). The Assessment Framework provides an ecological approach of the childs developmental needs, parenting capacity, family and environmental factors. This ecological approach was championed by Bronfenbrenner, (1979, cited Martin, 2010) found that by incorporating the microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem benefited both practitioners and service users by enabling wider societies influences of culture and economic circumstances to be considered in assessment (Wilson et al, 2011). This evidenced- based framework aims to ensure that the childs welfare is both promoted and protected (Cleaver et al, 2004). This framework provides a consistent method of collating and analysing information, thus giving practitioners a more coherent understanding of the childs developmental needs, the capacity of their parents and the influence of the extended family and other environmental factors that impact on the family (DoH al, 2000). However, Garrett (2003; Rose, 2002 in Crisp et al, 2007) believe that the underpinning evidence for the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (2000) is problematic. Howarth (2002 in Crisp et al, 2007) suggests that accompanying specific guidance for children from black and ethnic minorities are less widely circulated than the framework document. Katz (1997, cited in Crisp et al, 2007) accuses the framework as being mechanistic checklists used by inexperienced staff as data collection tools and loosing focus on identifying and meeting the needs of children (Horwath, 2002 cited in Crisp et al 2007). Likewise, Munro (2011) challenged all professionals to ensure that our child protection system is centred on the child or young person, as she believes the system has lost its focus on the childs needs and experiences and has been too focused on rules, time-frames in assessment and procedures. At present an initial assessment is carried out ten days from referral and a core assessment must be completed within thirty-five days of an Initial Assessment, and would be undertaken to initiate child protection enquires (DoH et al, 2000). Practitioners use twin tracking and pursue other possibilities for the family (scie-socialcareonline.org.uk). This may be ethically and emotionally difficult for practitioners; they should ensure supervision and adhere to their professional standards of proficiency and ethics (HCPC, 2012). Munro (2011) urges the government to value professional expertise and revise statutory guidance on service intervention and delivery and calls for more focus on understanding the underlying issues that influenced professional practice that resulted in Serious Case Reviews. Munro (2011) also calls for reforming social work training and placement provision for students. The government accepted Munros recommendations and changes to the system will be implemented in 2012 (DfE 2011). Damien (see appendix 1) meets the threshold criteria for intervention under section17 (10) of The Children Act (1989) as his health or development may be significantly impaired without support services. At present he does not appear to be at risk of significant harm, however a core assessment may be beneficial in determining the appropriate support services (HM Government, 2010), examples include Youth Offending Teams (YOT) who deliver crime prevention programmes (youth-offending-team, 2012), Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCO) and learning mentors provide support in educational settings (Good schools guide,2012). It is vital throughout the assessment process that practitioners are non-judgmental and use reflective practice and have an awareness of transference and counter-transference to disperse any negative responses and feelings (DoH, 2000; Wilson et al, 2008). The practitioner should draw on theories of human development through the lifespan as well as sociological, biological, psychological and psychosocial theories. For example; biological theory would consider genetic influences, physical development and instinctual behaviours whereas the sociological perspective would emphasise the importance of social factors (Horwath, 2010). It may be that the family are living in poverty and had have not been in receipt of full benefit entitlements or support services; it would be advisable to contact relevant welfare agencies and seek professional assistance for financial support to aid this family (family-action, 2012). The Children Act (1989) states that for the majority of children their family is the most appropriate place for them to live. However, the local authority has a duty of care and Madison (see appendix 1) needs to be accommodated under section 20 of the Children Act (1989), as she is a child in need (section 17) or a child at risk of significant harm (section 47). Chris and Julie have parental responsibility for their children until they are adopted (D of H, 1989; 2000; HM Government, 2010). When assessing families the practitioner should have an understanding of theories that inform practice. In relation to Eriksons (1982) theory of psychosocial stages of development, it could be suggested that Madison is in the fifth stage of development known as; Identity and Repudiation versus Identity diffusion. This stage usually will occur between ages 12-18. Throughout adolescence children are becoming more independent and developing a sense of self. Madison could experience confusion in this stage as she has spent time in kinship and residential care. Erikson (1982) believes with encouragement, reinforcement, and through personal exploration adolescents can leave this stage with a strong identity and direction in life. If Madison fails to pass through this stage successfully she will be insecure about herself and her future (Erikson, 1982 cited in Wilson et al 2008). Hamachek (1988) suggests this theory is ambiguous in identifying behaviours of an individuals psychological growt h throughout different stages of development. Chris and Julie have had one child adopted and have been unable to parent eight of their nine children. During assessment practitioners should have an understanding of attachment categories and relating behaviours; it could be that some of Chris and Julies children developed anxious-ambivalent attachments. Role reversal may have taken place, thus resulting in the children becoming angry about the unreliability of the carer and possibly the reason for them displaying anti-social behaviours Ainsworth (et al., 1978 cited in Becket and Taylor, 2010). Early attachment theory was criticized for denying women equality in the workplace by implying that the risk of mothers leaving their children would be detrimental to their childrens development (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). With regard to Julie and Chris, the local authority could undertake a pre-birth assessment and multi-professional case conference under (section 47) of the Children Act (1989) to evaluate parenting capacity, family and env ironment, and their ability to sustain parenting to meet the childs developing and changing needs (Department of Health 1989; Department of Health, 2010). Specialist assessment tools for parents with learning disabilities would assist the couple in their understanding and partnership planning (McGaw, 2000; cited in Wallbridge, 2012). Both Chris and Julie have completed a parenting course and this is positive as they had not done so previously (Casey 2012). Wallbridge (2012) claims successful support packages offer intensive, continuous training for parenting, for example group work and life skills in the home, both parents feeling valued are often positive catalysts of change. A recent government report (2012) however, identified the child protection system as being reactive rather than proactive with regard to young people accessing services. It warned that professionals gave the parents numerous changes to improve their parenting skills and children were left to live with neglectful parents (publications.parliament.uk, 2012) This essay has critiqued the report Listening to Troubled Families by Louise Casey (2012) and found limitations in the methodology. It considered the needs of a family identified and critiqued the role and skills of a social worker in safeguarding. It has argued the importance of effective multi-professional collaboration, knowledge of contemporary legislation, practice and theories with regard to implementing partnership working to support children, families and carers. It also identified external explanations ; poverty, isolation and late intervention can impact on these families. 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Shakespeares Hamlet and the Devil Essay -- GCSE English Literature Co

   Hamlet and the Devil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Hamlet, for reasons of trepidation chooses not to kill Claudius, his nemesis, in the altar room. This fatal procrastination results in the unnecessary deaths of Laertes, Ophelia, Gertrude, and Hamlet himself. This casts a most inauspicious light upon Hamlet, but only if the original premise is true. The obverse side of the argument is that Hamlet, because he desires all those who are in league with Claudius to suffer the same ignominious fate that his father suffers. Thus he delays his revenge in order to intensify the misery of the other characters. This also casts a most inauspicious light upon Hamlet, but only if the general premise of the book is true, that Hamlet is the hero and is not enslaved to evil. That general premise is false. For even the Prince admits that he may be under the thrall of the Devil, who is able to â€Å"assume a pleasing shape† and is â€Å"very potent with such spirits [of melancholy]†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first victim to fall under Hamlet’s preternatural wrath is Polonius. Hamlet, in rage that someone is spying on him, deliberately thrusts his sword for a mortal kill. When he discovers that it is Polonius, he shrugs and is not bothered in the least by it. Even though it appears that Hamlet is a ruthless murderer, Polonius is not totally blameless. Polonius, because he wishes to gain the favor of the new king by proving his own worth, is determined to find the reason for Hamlet’s madness. He thus spies on Hamlet and even forbids his daughter to see her. His connection to Claudius, and his spidery machinations are reasons for his downfall.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs... ...nection with Claudius deserves to die and painfully if possible. Each character exhibits a tragic flaw that is fatal. Although it may seem unfair, Hamlet is the ultimate arbiter of life and death in the play.   Because Hamlet is possessed by the Devil, he chooses to let Fate decide what happens. Thus Fate/Devil tells him to duel with Laertes. This is the first step of the beginning of the end. Hamlet and Laertes both are fatally wounded, the Queen is poisoned, and finally the King is poisoned and stabbed. Instead of only killing the King, Hamlet directly and indirectly kills everyone. Only Horatio is not affected, for he remains true with Hamlet even to the very end when he tries to poison himself in order to accompany his prince to death. Horatio is the epitome of fidelity, even his stoic nature melts away when he witnesses the poignancy of the tragedy of Hamlet.